What is Geographic Tongue?

Does your tongue look like a road map? Do you have a geographic tongue? Otherwise known as migratory glossitis or a wandering rash, a geographic tongue may be the cause of inflammation though the exact reason is not known. Anyway, there is no need to panic as a geographic tongue is benign with no discomfort or specified treatment and is not a threat to a person’s overall health.

what does a geographic tongue mean

Geographic tongue, a benign condition affecting the surface of the tongue, is characterized by irregular, map-like patterns that can change in appearance over time. It occurs when the tongue’s surface loses its protective coating, exposing the underlying papillae. While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to be related to factors such as stress, hormonal changes, and dietary factors. Geographic tongue is generally harmless and does not require treatment, although it can sometimes cause temporary discomfort or sensitivity. It is a common condition that affects around 2-3% of the population. This may also be the first indication of celiac disease.

Geographic Tongue and Spicy Food

Geographic tongue is a harmless condition that causes smooth, red patches on the tongue, may be impacted by spicy foods. While the exact cause is unknown, some research suggests geographic tongue could be related to inflammation or sensitivity. Those with the condition may find that spicy, acidic, or salty foods can temporarily worsen symptoms, leading to discomfort or a burning sensation. However, the reaction can vary from person to person. 

Around about 5% of people who have a geographic tongue may suffer from pain and/or sensitivity after eating acidic or spicy foods or drinks. In some cases, the tongue gets badly swollen which prevents swallowing, speaking and/or eating. It is important to see a dentist if the lesions are still present after 10 days.

Geographic Tongue Symptoms

Some of the factors that cause a geographic tongue are psychological in nature, allergies, hormonal disturbances, stress and diabetes. The geographic tongue is not known to be linked to these factors and its real cause is not known though it may be linked to a skin disease called psoriasis. Known to be a harmless condition, the geographic tongue has other names such as erythema migrans tongue and benign migratory glossitis.

A dentist or a healthcare provider will examine the symptoms of a geographic tongue and diagnose the condition and signs. A geographic tongue has smooth or irregular red patches and may last up to a year. With a light-colored or white border, the geographic tongue either changes in days or weeks or months and may just appear and disappear. This benign migratory glossitis condition may alter in color, shape and size and may occur in one area or it may appear in another portion of the tongue.

What causes geographic tongue to flare up

This condition may occur at any age and affects about 1% to 3% of the people from middle-aged to older adults. With about 1 to 10 people suffering from a geographic tongue, some of them would undergo a painful or burning sensation and mild discomfort. This would be followed by sensitivity to toothpaste which has additives or whitening agents, spicy, acidic or hot foods, sweets and cigarette smoke. Covering the upper layer of the tongue, this condition is named after its map-like resemblance on the sides and upper part of the tongue.

When to consult with dentist for Geo tongue

People who have a grooved, wrinkled or fissured tongue or a Vitamin B deficiency or psoriasis may have a risk or tendency towards a geographic tongue. It is wise to see a dentist at this point and go through an examination to rule out other problems. The doctor or dentist will prescribe pain medications to relieve any discomfort, antiseptic mouth rinses and zinc supplements. The dentist or the doctor may also suggest corticosteroids which can be applied on the tongue and anti-inflammatory medication.

Takeaway

Geographic tongue is a non harmful condition that manifests like a map in the tongue due to the irregular patches on the upper and side tongue. Geo tongue does not require any medical treatments. Sometimes it may flare up and cause pain to the tongue. At that time you can consult with your dentist to get relief from the pain.